Microtubules and the mind

The role of neurons, in this picture, is perhaps more like a magnifying device in which the smaller-scale cytoskeletal action is transferred to something which can influence other organs of the body - such as muscles.

Roger Penrose, Shadows of the Mind p. 376

The cytoskeleton is capable of networked conformations, and therefore could play an as yet unrecognized role in cognitive processing.

Activity in the cytoskeleton is associated with learning, for example when a baby rat is first opening its eyes...